Near-close near-front rounded vowel.html |
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See also: IPA, Consonants
| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
represents a rounded vowel.
| IPA – number | 320 |
| IPA – text | ʏ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ʏ |
| X-SAMPA | Y |
| Kirshenbaum | I. |
| Sound sample | |
The near-close near-front rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʏ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is Y. The IPA symbol is a small capital letter Y.
In most languages this vowel is endolabial (compressed). However, in a few cases it is exolabial (with pursed lips). This is the case with Swedish, which contrasts the two types of rounding.
Contents |
Endolabial (compressed)
Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned as in a front vowel, but slightly further back in the mouth.
- Its roundedness is endolabial, which means that the lips are rounded but compressed, so that the inner surfaces are not exposed.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | hut | [hʏ̞t] | 'hut' | Lowered. See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Some Southern English varieties | book | [bʏk] | 'book' | Corresponds to /ʊ/ in other English dialects. See English phonology |
| Faroese | krúss | [kɹʏsː] | 'mug' | ||
| French | Quebec | municipalité | [mʏnɪsɪpalɪte] | 'municipality' | See Quebec French phonology |
| German | schützen | [ˈʃʏtsˑn] | 'protect' | See German phonology | |
| Icelandic | vinur | [vɪnʏr] | 'friend' | ||
| Swedish | ut | [ʏβ̞t] | 'out' | May be central in other dialects. See Swedish phonology | |
Exolabial (pursed)
As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish endo- and exo-labial rounding, old diacritic for labialization, [ ̫], will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for exolabial.
Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned as in a front vowel, but slightly further back in the mouth.
- Its roundedness is exolabial, which means that the lips are pursed and protrude, with the inner surfaces exposed.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norwegian | nytt | [nʏ̫t] | 'new' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Swedish | ylle | [ˈʏ̫lːɛ] | 'wool' | See Swedish phonology | |
References
Bibliography
- Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press