Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.html |
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| Front | Near- front | Central | Near- back | Back | |
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | |||||
represents a rounded vowel.
| IPA – number | 319 |
| IPA – text | ɪ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɪ |
| X-SAMPA | I |
| Kirshenbaum | I |
| Sound sample | |
Contents |
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
The near-close near-front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɪ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is I. The IPA symbol is a small capital letter i.
Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a front vowel, but slightly further back in the mouth.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | ik | [ɪ̽k] | 'I' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | bit | [bɪt] | 'bit' | See English phonology | |
| French | Quebec | petite | [pətsɪt] | 'small' | Occurs only in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology |
| German | bitte | [ˈbɪtə] | 'please' | See German phonology | |
| Irish | duine | [dɪnʲə] | 'person' | See Irish phonology | |
| Plautdietsch | winta | [vɪntə] | 'winter' | ||
| Portuguese | Brazilian1 | saque | [ˈsakɪ] | 'withdrawal' | Unstressed vowel. See Portuguese phonology |
| Norwegian | litt | [lɪt] | 'a little' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Russian2 | дерево | [ˈdʲerʲɪvə] | 'tree' | Occurs only in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology | |
| Scottish Gaelic | thig | [ɪk] | 'come' | ||
| Sicilian | arrìriri | [arrɪriri] | 'smile' | ||
| Swedish | sill | [sɪl] | 'herring' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | кит | [kɪt] | 'whale' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
| Vietnamese | chị | [cɪi] | 'elder sister' | See Vietnamese phonology | |
Near-close central unrounded vowel
The near-close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as < ɪ̈ > (centralized ɪ) or < ɨ̞ > (lowered ɨ). In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed ɪ, which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often ɨ, which captures its centrality. Recently the OED has adopted an unambiguous but unofficial extension of the IPA, ᵻ (ɪ̵), that is a conflation of the other two symbols.
Features
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | parallelepiped | [ˌpæɹəlɛlɪ̈ˈpɪpɪ̈d] | 'parallelepiped' | Reduced vowel for speakers who contrast schwa with "schwi." See English phonology | |
| Russian3 | жена | [ʐɨ̞ˈna] | 'wife' | Occurs only after unpalatalized consonants and in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology | |
| Welsh | Northern dialects4 | pump | [pɨ̞mp] | 'five' | /ɪ/ or /i/ in Southern Dialects. See Welsh phonology |
References
- ^ Barbosa & Albano (2004:229)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:37)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:38)
- ^ Ball (1984:?)
Bibliography
- Barbosa, Plínio A. & Eleonora C. Albano (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227-232
- Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press